TRASTORNOS ELECTROLÍTICOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55204/trc.v9789i8788.85Keywords:
SALUD, MEDICINA, PATOLOGÍASAbstract
Los líquidos y los electrolitos son constituyentes indispensables de cuyo equilibrio depende el normal funcionamiento del organismo, sus alteraciones tanto en exceso como en déficit repercuten negativamente en el estado de salud, su reconocimiento temprano, su oportuna corrección y la reevaluación frecuente son puntos clave para el retorno a la salud. En el siguiente capítulo se revisará las principales alteraciones de los líquidos y electrolitos.
Downloads
References
Wachira B. Fluidos, electrolitos y trastornos ácido-básicos. In: Cydulka R, Fitch M, Joing S, editors. Tintinalli Manual de Medicina de Urgencias. 8th ed. México: Interamericana, McGraw-Hill; 2018. p. 37–59.
Killu K, Sarani B. Manejo de los trastornos electrolíticos y metabólicos que amenazan la vida. In: Fundamentos de Cuidados Críticos en soporte Inicial (FCCS). 6th ed. Estados Unidos: Society of Critical Care Medicine; 2018. p. 337–54.
Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, Annane D, Ball S, Bichet D, et al. Guía de práctica clínica sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hiponatremia. Nefrologia [Internet]. 2017;37(4):370–80. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nefro.2017.03.021
Broch Porcar MJ, Rodríguez Cubillo B, Domínguez-Roldán JM, Álvarez Rocha L, Ballesteros Sanz MÁ, Cervera Montes M, et al. Documento práctico del manejo de la hiponatremia en pacientes críticos. Med Intensiva. 2019;43(5):302–16.
Pfennig C, Slovis C. Electrolyte Disorders. In: Walls R, Hockberger R, Gausche-Hill M, editors. Rosen´s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc; 2018. p. 1516–32.
Levine M. Urgencias electrolíticas: calcio. In: Levine M, Gilmore S, editors. Manual Washington de Medicina de urgencias. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Klumer; 2018. p. 346–9.
Sterns RH. Diagnostic evaluation of adults with hyponatremia. UpToDate [Internet]. 2020;1–9. Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnostic-evaluation-of-adults-with-hyponatremia
Runkle I, Villabona C, Navarro A, Pose A, Formiga F, Tejedor A, et al. Tratamiento de la hiponatremia secundaria al síndrome de secreción inadecuada de la hormona antidiurética: Algoritmo multidisciplinar. Rev Nefrol. 2014;34(4):439–50.
Pose A, Almenar L, Gavira JJ, López-Granados A, Blasco T, Delgado J, et al. Benefit of tolvaptan in the management of hyponatraemia in patients with diuretic-refractory congestive heart failure: the SEMI-SEC project. ESC Hear Fail. 2017;4(2):130–7.
Barajas-Galindo DE, Vidal-Casariego A, Gómez-Hoyos E, Guerra-González M. Experiencia clínica con el uso ambulatorio de tolvaptan. Costes y efectividad en nueve casos. Gac Med Mex. 2020;156(1):78–81.
Kardalas E, Paschou SA, Anagnostis P, Muscogiuri G, Siasos G, Vryonidou A. Hypokalemia: A clinical update. Endocr Connect. 2018;7(4):R135–46.
Adamczak M, Chudek J, Zejda J, Bartmańska M, Grodzicki T, Zdrojewski T, et al. Prevalence of hypokalemia in older persons: results from the PolSenior national survey. Eur Geriatr Med [Internet]. 2021; Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-021-00484-6
Seo WW, Jo SH, Kim SE, Kim HJ, Han SH, Lee KY, et al. Admission serum potassium levels and prognosis of vasospastic angina. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2021;11(1):1–9. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84712-w
Han MJ, Kim SH, Shin J ho, Hwang JH. Caffeine-induced hypokalemia: a case report. BMC Nephrol. 2021;22(1):4–9.
Ota Y, Obata Y, Takazono T, Tashiro M, Wakamura T, Takahashi A, et al. Association between potassium supplementation and the occurrence of acute kidney injury in patients with hypokalemia administered liposomal amphotericin B: a nationwide observational study. BMC Nephrol. 2021;22(1):1–12.
Repetto HA, Brenzoni L, Tatay D. Hipokalemia. Riesgo de generación por tratamientos. Rev Nefrol Diálisis y Traspl [Internet]. 2017;37(1):62–6. Available from: http://www.revistarenal.org.ar/index.php/rndt/article/view/90
Chen D, Chen D, Li X, Song Q, Hu C, Hu C, et al. Assessment of Hypokalemia and Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wenzhou, China. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(6):1–12.
Marti G, Schwarz C, Leichtle AB, Fiedler GM, Arampatzis S, Exadaktylos AK, et al. Etiology and symptoms of severe hypokalemia in emergency department patients. Eur J Emerg Med. 2014;21(1):46–51.
Wang X, Han D, Li G. Electrocardiographic manifestations in severe hypokalemia. J Int Med Res. 2020;48(1).
Yang Y, Chen C, Duan P, Thapaliya S, Gao L, Dong Y, et al. The ECG Characteristics of Patients With Isolated Hypomagnesemia. Front Physiol. 2021;11(January):1–9.
Li J, Ma H, Lei Y, Wan Q. Diagnostic value of parameters from a spot urine sample for renal potassium loss in hypokalemia. Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2020;511(October):221–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.024
DiNicolantonio JJ, O’Keefe JH, Wilson W. Subclinical magnesium deficiency: A principal driver of cardiovascular disease and a public health crisis. Open Hear. 2018;5(1).
Agus ZS. Mechanisms and causes of hypomagnesemia. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2016;25(4):301–7.
Liamis G, Hoorn EJ, Florentin M, Milionis H. An overview of diagnosis and management of drug‐induced hypomagnesemia. Pharmacol Res Perspect. 2021;9(4):1–13.
Van Laecke S. Hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia. Acta Clin Belgica Int J Clin Lab Med [Internet]. 2019;74(1):41–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/17843286.2018.1516173
Uehara A, Kita Y, Sumi H, Shibagaki Y. Proton-pump inhibitor-induced severe hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia are clinically masked by thiazide diuretic. Intern Med. 2019;58(15):2201–5.
Gommers LMM, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM, De Baaij JHF. Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes: A vicious circle? Diabetes. 2016;65(1):3–13.
Park CH, Kim EH, Roh YH, Kim HY, Lee SK. The association between the use of proton pump inhibitors and the risk of hypomagnesemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(11).
Sanvas U, Praveen D, Ranadheer Chowdary P, Vijey Aanandhi M. Proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia - A review. Drug Invent Today. 2018;10(2):219–21.
Duval M, Bach-Ngohou K, Masson D, Guimard C, Conte P Le, Trewick D. Is severe hypocalcemia immediately life threatening? Endocr Connect. 2018;7(10):1067–74.
Qin Y, Sun W, Wang Z, Dong W, He L, Zhang T, et al. A Meta-Analysis of Risk Factors for Transient and Permanent Hypocalcemia After Total Thyroidectomy. Front Oncol. 2021;10(February).
Karunakaran P, Abraham D, Devadas G, Hussain Z, Kanakasabapathi R. The Effect of Hypomagnesemia on Refractory Hypocalcemia after Total Thyroidectomy: A Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2020;24(6):518–24.
Florenzano P, Cipriani C, Roszko KL, Fukumoto S, Collins MT, Minisola S, et al. Approach to patients with hypophosphataemia. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol [Internet]. 2020;8(2):163–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30426-7
Al Harbi SA, Al-Dorzi HM, Al Meshari AM, Tamim H, Abdukahil SAI, Sadat M, et al. Association between phosphate disturbances and mortality among critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2021;22(1):1–9.
Imel EA, Biggin A, Schindeler A, Munns CF. FGF23, Hypophosphatemia, and Emerging Treatments. JBMR Plus. 2019;3(8):1–9.
Kassianides X, Bhandari S, Edu MC. Hypophosphataemia, fibroblast growth factor 23 and third-generation intravenous iron compounds: A narrative review. Drugs Context. 2021;10:1–29.
Sin JCK, King L, Ballard E, Llewellyn S, Laupland KB, Tabah A. Hypophosphatemia and Outcomes in ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Intensive Care Med. 2021;36(9):1025–35.
Glaspy JA, Wolf M, Strauss WE. Intravenous Iron-Induced Hypophosphatemia: An Emerging Syndrome. Adv Ther [Internet]. 2021;38(7):3531–49. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-021-01770-2

Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors retain the moral and patrimonial rights of their works. They only give to the magazine Tesla Revista Científica the right to the first publication of this. Since Tesla Revista Científica is an open access publication, readers can fully or partially reproduce its content as long as they properly credit the corresponding authors and the journal itself. Tesla Revista Científica undertakes not to make commercial use of the texts it receives and/or publishes.
Our journal is governed by the international policies SHERPA/RoMEO: Green journal: They allow the self-archiving of both the pre-print (draft of a paper) and the post-print (the version corrected and reviewed by peers) and even the final version ( layout as it will be published in the journal).
See also "Copyright and licences".