Aplicaciones de la inteligencia artificial en la educación quirúrgica de posgrado: revisión sistemática

Johanna Yimabel Pazmiño Figueroa; Maria Eugenia Moreta Segura; Wellington Isaac Maliza Cruz

doi:10.55204/trc.v6i1.e670

Authors

Johanna Yimabel Pazmiño Figueroa Universidad Estatal de Milagro. Facultad de Posgrados. Escuela de Educación. Maestría en Inteligencia Artificial. Cdla. Universitaria “Dr. Rómulo Minchala Murillo” – km. 1.5 vía Milagro – Virgen de Fátima. CP 091050. Milagro - Guayas. Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8368-159X
Maria Eugenia Moreta Segura Universidad Estatal de Milagro. Facultad de Posgrados. Escuela de Educación. Maestría en Inteligencia Artificial. Cdla. Universitaria “Dr. Rómulo Minchala Murillo” – km. 1.5 vía Milagro – Virgen de Fátima. CP 091050. Milagro - Guayas. Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0568-7651
Wellington Isaac Maliza Cruz Universidad Estatal de Milagro. Facultad de Posgrados. Escuela de Educación. Maestría en Inteligencia Artificial. Cdla. Universitaria “Dr. Rómulo Minchala Murillo” – km. 1.5 vía Milagro – Virgen de Fátima. CP 091050. Milagro - Guayas. Ecuador.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55204/trc.v6i1.e670

Keywords:

Inteligencia artificial; educación quirúrgica; formación médica; simulación; aprendizaje automático.

Abstract

Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica disponible sobre el uso de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la educación quirúrgica de posgrado.

Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo estándares metodológicos internacionales. La búsqueda se efectuó en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Embase, incluyendo estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2025. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, estudios experimentales y de validación tecnológica enfocados en médicos en formación de posgrado.

Resultados: Se seleccionaron 29 estudios. La evidencia muestra que la IA mejora significativamente el desempeño técnico quirúrgico, reduce errores y optimiza el tiempo de aprendizaje mediante retroalimentación automatizada y evaluación objetiva. Además, permite la personalización del entrenamiento y contribuye a la estandarización de competencias. Sin embargo, se identificó heterogeneidad metodológica, tamaños muestrales limitados y escasa validación externa.

Conclusiones: La inteligencia artificial representa una herramienta innovadora con alto potencial para mejorar la formación quirúrgica de posgrado. No obstante, su implementación debe ser progresiva, complementaria a la enseñanza tradicional y basada en evidencia sólida.

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