Comparación del desarrollo del lenguaje funcional mediante sistemas de intercambio de imágenes (PECS) y dispositivos generadores de voz (SGD) en niños de 6 a 10 años
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55204/trc.v6i1.e652Keywords:
Comunicación aumentativa y alternativa, PECS, dispositivos generadores de voz, lenguaje funcional, trastorno del espectro autista.Abstract
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el desarrollo del lenguaje funcional mediante el sistema de intercambio de imágenes (PECS) y los dispositivos generadores de voz (SGD) en niños de 6 a 10 años con dificultades comunicativas asociadas principalmente al trastorno del espectro autista y otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura científica siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda bibliográfica se efectuó en bases de datos indexadas como Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect y ERIC, considerando investigaciones publicadas entre 2000 y 2025. Tras aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 46 estudios para el análisis cualitativo. Los resultados evidenciaron que tanto PECS como SGD favorecen significativamente la comunicación funcional, especialmente en habilidades de solicitud, espontaneidad comunicativa e interacción social. PECS mostró mayor accesibilidad y eficacia en etapas iniciales de comunicación, mientras que los SGD ofrecieron ventajas relacionadas con retroalimentación auditiva y expansión lingüística. Se concluye que ambos sistemas son efectivos y complementarios, dependiendo su eficacia de las características individuales y contextuales del niño.
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