Paradigmas de programación funcional vs orientada a objetos: un análisis teórico-comparativo de sus fundamentos, aplicabilidad y evolución en el desarrollo de software moderno
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55204/trc.v6i1.e587Keywords:
Paradigmas de programación, programación funcional, programación orientada a objetos, desarrollo de software moderno.Abstract
Los paradigmas de programación constituyen marcos conceptuales fundamentales que orientan el diseño, la estructura y el desarrollo de los sistemas informáticos. Entre los paradigmas más influyentes en la ingeniería de software destacan la programación orientada a objetos y la programación funcional, los cuales proponen enfoques distintos para la organización del código y la gestión de los datos dentro de los programas. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis teórico-comparativo de ambos paradigmas a partir de una revisión bibliográfica de literatura científica especializada. La metodología se basó en la búsqueda, selección y análisis de artículos académicos publicados en bases de datos científicas relevantes en el área de informática y desarrollo de software. Los resultados evidencian que la programación orientada a objetos facilita la modelación de sistemas complejos mediante clases y objetos, permitiendo la modularidad, reutilización del código y organización estructurada del software. Por su parte, la programación funcional promueve el uso de funciones puras y estructuras de datos inmutables, lo que favorece la concurrencia, la escalabilidad y la confiabilidad del software. Finalmente, se concluye que ambos paradigmas son enfoques complementarios cuya integración contribuye al desarrollo de software moderno, escalable, mantenible y adaptado a los desafíos tecnológicos actuales.
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