Tesla Revista Científica (ISSN: 2796-9320) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Its scope is multidisciplinary, oriented to the exact and natural sciences, engineering sciences, education, law, administration, and medical sciences. Tesla aims to disseminate scientific knowledge and intellectual production generated by national and international researchers. Its target audience is researchers, scientists, undergraduate and graduate students, teachers, and professionals of the disciplines above. Download the article format by clicking on this link.
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GEOGEBRA AND UNDERSTANDING OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LINES IN FIRST-YEAR HIGH SCHOOL
El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el efecto de una secuencia didáctica mediada por GeoGebra en la comprensión de las relaciones entre rectas en el plano cartesiano en estudiantes de primero de Bachillerato. Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño cuasiexperimental, conformado por un grupo control y un grupo experimental, ambos evaluados mediante pretest y postest. La intervención se desarrolló mediante actividades orientadas al análisis de la pendiente, ecuación de la recta, paralelismo, perpendicularidad e intersección, utilizando GeoGebra como recurso de exploración y representación gráfica. Los resultados mostraron que ambos grupos presentaron mejoras estadísticamente significativas entre el pretest y el postest; sin embargo, las diferencias entre grupos favorecieron al grupo experimental. En el postest se obtuvo una diferencia significativa (p < 0,001; d = 1,10), mientras que la comparación de la ganancia absoluta presentó un tamaño del efecto grande (p < 0,001; d = 1,70). La ganancia normalizada de Hake fue baja en el grupo control (g = 0,18) y media en el experimental (g = 0,45). Los resultados sugieren que la integración de GeoGebra en una secuencia didáctica planificada puede favorecer la comprensión de las relaciones entre rectas y la articulación entre sus representaciones algebraicas y gráficas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nagely Fernanda Ocaña Quinteros; Valeria Alejandra Quelal Cuamacás (Volume editor); Jesús Antonio Alba Cabañas, Arian Vasquez Alvarez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Análisis teórico de las estrategias metacognitivas en la resolución de problemas matemáticos complejos en estudiantes de bachillerato
La resolución de problemas matemáticos representa una de las competencias más relevantes dentro de la educación media, debido a que favorece el desarrollo del razonamiento lógico, el pensamiento crítico y la capacidad para afrontar situaciones propias del contexto académico y cotidiano, sin embargo, diversos estudios evidencian que un número considerable de estudiantes de bachillerato presenta dificultades para comprender los enunciados, seleccionar procedimientos adecuados y evaluar críticamente las soluciones obtenidas, por lo tanto, las estrategias metacognitivas han adquirido un papel protagónico al permitir que los estudiantes planifiquen, supervisen y regulen conscientemente su propio proceso de aprendizaje. El presente artículo tiene como propósito analizar, desde una perspectiva teórica, la contribución de las estrategias metacognitivas en la resolución de problemas matemáticos complejos en estudiantes de bachillerato, para ello, se desarrolló una revisión documental de investigaciones científicas publicadas en revistas indexadas y repositorios académicos especializados relacionados con la metacognición, el pensamiento matemático y la resolución de problemas, consecuentemente.
Copyright (c) 2026 Santiago Jeampier Ochoa Mendoza, Mónica María González Samaniego, Julissa Mercedes Moran Goyes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Propuesta didáctica con GeoGebra para la enseñanza de sistemas de ecuaciones lineales de décimo año
La enseñanza de los sistemas de ecuaciones lineales constituye un desafío en Educación General Básica, debido al predominio de metodologías tradicionales centradas en procedimientos mecánicos que dificultan la comprensión conceptual y la relación entre representaciones algebraicas y gráficas. Esta investigación evaluó el efecto de una propuesta didáctica basada en GeoGebra en cadetes de décimo año de la Unidad Educativa de Fuerzas Armadas Colegio Militar N.° 12 “Capitán Giovanni Calles”, durante el período 2025-2026. Se empleó un enfoque mixto y un diseño preexperimental de un solo grupo, con pretest, intervención didáctica y postest, aplicado a 60 cadetes. La propuesta “Sistemas en Movimiento” incorporó actividades de exploración, representación gráfica, resolución de problemas y verificación de resultados mediante GeoGebra. Los resultados mostraron una mejora significativa del aprendizaje, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pretest y postest (p < 0,001) y una ganancia normalizada de Hake de 0,67. Se concluye que GeoGebra favorece la comprensión conceptual, el pensamiento algebraico y la interpretación gráfica, siempre que exista planificación pedagógica y mediación docente activa. Asimismo, promueve participación activa y significativa de los estudiantes durante el aprendizaje matemático.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lourdes Sthefania Aguirre Cobeña, Cindy Mariela Montenegro Estrada, Jesús Antonio Alba Cabaña, Hugo Alfredo Pérez Benítez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
GeoGebra and the Understanding of Regular Polygons
This study analyzed changes in the understanding of regular polygons among tenth-grade Basic General Education students through a didactic sequence mediated by GeoGebra. A quantitative study with a single-group pre-experimental design was conducted using a pretest, posttest, and checklist. The sample consisted of 48 students selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Results showed an increase in the mean score from 2.79 in the pretest to 5.63 in the posttest. The Wilcoxon test revealed statistically significant differences between both measurements (p < 0.001), while the normalized Hake gain was classified as medium (g = 0.308). Improvements were observed in the conceptual (26.74 percentage points), procedural (17.03), and application (28.00) dimensions. The findings show improvements after the intervention and suggest that the GeoGebra-mediated didactic sequence represents a relevant alternative for supporting the learning of regular polygons and strengthening geometry teaching in Basic General Education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pedro Luis Intriago Intriago, Santiago Paul León Granizo, Jesús Antonio Alba Cabañas, Gregory Edison Naranjo Vaca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reconstrucción cutánea posterior a recesión de cáncer de piel alternativas quirúrgicas y resultados estéticos
El cáncer de piel presenta una incidencia creciente a nivel mundial y exige un abordaje terapéutico que combine la resección oncológica con procedimientos reconstructivos orientados a recuperar la función, la estética y la calidad de vida. Esta revisión sistemática analiza las principales alternativas quirúrgicas para reconstruir defectos cutáneos posteriores a la resección tumoral y evalúa sus resultados funcionales y estéticos. Se realizó una búsqueda estructurada en PubMed, SciELO y Scopus mediante términos MeSH relacionados con neoplasias cutáneas, procedimientos reconstructivos y colgajos quirúrgicos. Se incluyeron estudios originales y series de casos publicados entre 2017 y 2025, enfocados en técnicas aplicadas en distintas regiones anatómicas. Los hallazgos evidencian que la selección del método reconstructivo depende del tamaño, la profundidad y la localización del defecto, además de las características clínicas del paciente. Entre las alternativas disponibles se encuentran el cierre primario, los injertos, los colgajos locales y la cicatrización por segunda intención. Los colgajos de avance, rotación y transposición destacan en regiones estéticas y funcionalmente críticas, especialmente en el rostro, por ofrecer adecuada cobertura, baja morbilidad y resultados favorables. Se concluye que la planificación multidisciplinaria, individualizada.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gisella Leolia Ríos Vásconez, Juan Pablo Montero Mejía, Yannely del Cisne Bastidas Torres, Mónica Cristina Barrera Solina, Pablo Adrián Chica Alvarracin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation and Evaluation of an Adaptive Streaming Server Prototype under Simulated Network Conditions
Educational institutions with limited network infrastructure need local alternatives to distribute audiovisual content without relying entirely on external platforms. This study implemented and evaluated an adaptive streaming server prototype based on MPEG-DASH under simulated and controlled network conditions. A quantitative approach with an experimental and comparative design was applied. The prototype was deployed on Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS using Nginx, FFmpeg, Shaka Packager, Flask, and dash.js. Four bandwidth scenarios were configured: 2.6, 1.4, 0.8, and 0.5 Mbps, with 400 ms latency and 0.1% packet loss. Each scenario was executed ten times for five minutes. A total of 12,108 telemetry records were collected. The results showed that the average video bitrate decreased from 1,805.64 to 483.00 kbps, while startup delay ranged from 2.77 to 4.43 seconds. No stalling events were recorded, and the O.46 MOS remained between 4.38 and 4.62. It was concluded that the dash.js adaptive bitrate mechanism responded consistently to network restrictions and maintained playback continuity. Therefore, the developed prototype provides a reproducible foundation for future institutional evaluations and for further studies focused on local adaptive streaming services in educational environments with limited connectivity and restricted technological resources. Its implementation also demonstrates the feasibility of conducting controlled performance tests locally.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kevin Junior Chocho Quizhpi, Juan José Pazmiño Gordillo, Lizbeth Rocío Ebla Yerovi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Energy-Economic Analysis of a 30 MW Wind Farm in Bahía de Caráquez, Ecuador, Using RETScreen Software
Wind energy has relevant potential on the Ecuadorian coast. This study aimed to evaluate the energy and economic performance of a 30 MW wind farm comprising ten ENERCON E-82 wind turbines in Bahía de Caráquez, Manabí. The analysis used 2014 meteorological data as a documentary baseline, RETScreen Method 3, NASA satellite information, and Hellmann’s exponential law to extrapolate wind speed to a 138 m hub height. The financial assessment considered an investment of €48,046,875, a 20-year project life, and an electricity export tariff of €67/MWh. The results showed an average hub-height wind speed of 10 m/s and net exported energy of 65,921 MWh/year. Net Present Value reached €46,498,264, the capital Internal Rate of Return was 9%, and the benefit-cost ratio was 3.42, although cumulative cash flow remained negative until year 12. The project demonstrates energy feasibility; however, the 2.1% asset Internal Rate of Return limits its financial attractiveness under the analyzed conditions.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mayra Alejandra Pacheco Cunduri, Ivan Marcelo Ortiz Parra, María Rosa Cunduri Cunduri, Michael Alejandro Garcés Ponce https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Solar Thermal Energy for Domestic Hot Water Production in Educational Buildings: Sizing and Regulatory Verification with CHEQ4 in Cáceres, Spain
The decarbonisation of collective-use buildings requires technically mature renewable solutions for domestic hot water (DHW) production. This study aimed to size a centralized solar thermal system for a school with 280 students in Cáceres, Spain, and verify compliance with the Spanish Technical Building Code (CTE-HE4). The regulatory methodology and CHEQ4 software were applied to estimate demand, select collectors, and size the primary and secondary circuits, storage tanks, heat exchanger, expansion vessels, pumps, and backup system. The proposed solution requires 24 GAMESA SOLAR 5000S flat-plate collectors, providing 50.38 m² of collection area, south orientation, and a 39.28° tilt. The system achieves a 67% annual solar fraction, with 1.56% shading losses, 3,500 L of primary storage, and a 133.23 kW backup boiler. The results exceed the minimum CTE-HE4 requirement and confirm the technical feasibility of the design for educational buildings in Mediterranean climates.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mayra Alejandra Pacheco Cunduri, José Luis Cortés Llanganate, Michael Alejandro Garcés Ponce, Ivan Marcelo Ortiz Parra, María Rosa Cunduri Cunduri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inflamación intestinal como moduladora de las enfermedades endocrinas: revisión narrativa crítica de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, la evidencia clínica y las perspectivas terapéuticas
La alteración de la microbiota intestinal y la inflamación asociada participan en el desarrollo de diversas enfermedades endocrinas al deteriorar la barrera epitelial, activar respuestas inmunitarias y mantener una inflamación sistémica crónica de bajo grado el objetivo es analizar críticamente la influencia de la inflamación intestinal sobre la fisiología endocrina y valorar sus posibles aplicaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas. Se realizó una revisión narrativa crítica de la literatura científica mediante búsquedas en PubMed/MEDLINE y PubMed Central, complementadas con fuentes de alto impacto como Nature Reviews, Frontiers, SpringerLink y Annual Reviews. Se priorizaron metaanálisis, revisiones sistemáticas y ensayos clínicos publicados principalmente entre 2015 y 2026. La base documental incluyó 38 referencias verificadas con sus fuentes originales. La evidencia indica que la disbiosis, el aumento de la permeabilidad intestinal y la endotoxemia metabólica activan vías proinflamatorias como TLR4, NF-κB y el inflamasoma NLRP3. Estos mecanismos favorecen la aparición de obesidad, diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y 2, enfermedad hepática esteatósica asociada a disfunción metabólica, tiroidopatías autoinmunes y síndrome de ovario poliquístico, también denominado síndrome ovárico metabólico poliendocrino. En contraste, metabolitos bacterianos beneficiosos, como los ácidos grasos de cadena corta, y hormonas intestinales como GLP-1 y PYY contribuyen al mantenimiento de la homeostasis metabólica.
Copyright (c) 2026 Liss Estefanny Orozco Guijarro, Génesis Dayana Moreno Ojeda, Mabel Ximena Velasco Bonifaz, Irene Guadalupe Montenegro Borja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Partial Replacement of Concentrate with Corn and Quinoa Residue Silages in Holstein Cows
Introduction: Commercial concentrates increase feeding costs in pasture-based dairy systems, whereas ensiled crop residues may provide local supplements. Objective: To evaluate productive performance and direct supplementation cost under three feeding strategies in Holstein cows managed in a high-Andean rotational grazing system. Methods: Nine early-lactation cows were blocked by parity. For 28 days, they received S1: 4 kg concentrate/cow/day; S2: 1.5 kg concentrate plus 10 kg corn-stover silage; or S3: 1.5 kg concentrate, 8 kg corn-stover silage and 2 kg quinoa-residue silage. Milk yield and composition, body weight, body condition score and supplementation cost were evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey’s test at 5%. Results: No differences were detected in accumulated milk yield per cow (p = 0.1255), milk fat, milk protein, body weight or body condition score. Accumulated yields were 509.17, 553.17 and 630.50 kg/cow, and supplementation costs per kilogram of milk at 2016 prices were USD 0.117, 0.060 and 0.052 for S1, S2 and S3. Conclusions: Silage-based strategies reduced concentrate use and direct supplementation cost without detectable productive differences; the sample size does not support a conclusion of dietary equivalence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Guillermo Dávalos Merino, Julio Bravo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Virtual Platforms in Hybrid Education: A Review of Their Impact on the Teaching-Learning Process
Hybrid education has emerged as an innovative model that combines face-to-face teaching with virtual education, adapting to contemporary social demands and technological advances. This study aimed to analyze the use of virtual platforms in hybrid education and their influence on the teaching-learning process. A literature review was conducted using scientific articles published between 2008 and 2025 and selected from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search was performed using terms related to hybrid education, virtual platforms, and the teaching-learning process. The findings indicate that hybrid education has become a relevant component of the current educational landscape because of its potential to improve the quality, flexibility, and equity of learning. Furthermore, the use of virtual platforms promotes communication, collaboration, access to educational resources, and the effectiveness of teaching processes. It is concluded that the appropriate integration of these technologies represents a fundamental strategy for responding to the educational needs of the 21st century.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pablo Eduardo Lozada Yánez, Cristhy Nataly Jiménez Granizo, Sandra Isabel González Polo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of the Soil Quality Index Under Conventional and Reduced Tillage for Corn Cultivation at the Tunshi Experimental Station
Soil degradation limits maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in the Ecuadorian highlands. This study evaluated the Soil Quality Index (SQI) under conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT) at two altitudinal levels of the Tunshi Experimental Station, Polytechnic School of Chimborazo, Ecuador. A split-plot design with four replications was used, considering altitude as the main plot and tillage system as the subplot. Sixteen physical, chemical, and biological indicators were assessed in composite soil samples collected at 0–30 cm before and after tillage. The SQI was calculated through indicator normalization and additive weighting, with weights derived from Principal Component Analysis. Three components explained 72.4% of the total variance. RT increased soil moisture by 34.8%, effective tillage depth by 41.3%, and earthworm abundance by 200% compared with CT. The integrated SQI was 0.49, corresponding to moderate soil quality, mainly constrained by low organic matter (1.73%) and nitrogen content (11.6 kg ha⁻¹). Reduced tillage therefore improves soil conservation and hydrological regulation in Andean maize systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Roque Orlando García Zanabría, Hernan Eriberto Chamorro Sevilla, Anita Cecilia Ríos Rivera, Guillermo Eduardo Dávalos Merino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Virtual simulators as a strategy for developing skills in teaching physics in higher education: a systematic literature review
At present, virtual simulators have become consolidated as a teaching strategy for physics education in higher education, as they allow abstract phenomena to be visualized, overcome the limitations of face-to-face laboratories and foster the development of competencies in students. The aim of this systematic literature review is to characterize the scientific production on virtual simulators as a strategy for competency development in physics teaching in higher education. To this end, the model of Newman and Gough (2020) was adopted, supported by the PRISMA 2020 statement, and search equations were applied in the Scopus and Web of Science databases to documents published between 2015 and 2026 in English and Spanish, resulting in 38 included articles. The results show that PhET is the most widely used simulator; that the most addressed content is electricity and electric circuits; that the most reported competencies are practical laboratory skills, conceptual understanding and problem solving; that inquiry-based learning predominates as the teaching strategy, and that most studies report positive effects on students' academic achievement and skills, although with an emerging trend towards the integration of artificial intelligence. The implications of these findings for university physics teaching are discussed.
Copyright (c) 2026 admin Juan Carlos admin Juan Carlos (Volume editor); Santiago Torres Barahona, Fabian Llamuca Llamuca, Erik Zurita Fiallos, Valeria Flores Lema https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PRECEPTS OF EARLY LITERACY IN THE CHILEAN CURRICULUM
Early literacy has been addressed from different theoretical perspectives, giving rise to diverse ways of understanding reading, writing, language, and learning during early childhood. This article aims to infer the principles underlying early literacy in reading and writing within the Chilean context. A qualitative documentary analysis was conducted based on scientific articles published between 2018 and 2026 in Scopus and SciELO indexed journals, together with curriculum documents and official guidelines developed after the update of the Early Childhood Education Curriculum Framework. The results show the presence of different conceptions of early literacy in both scientific and curricular production, identifying perspectives focused on the development of precursor skills and others oriented toward children's participation in social reading and writing practices. The findings also highlight the importance of oral language, mediation, family, sociocultural context, and written culture in literacy processes. It is concluded that the perspectives currently guiding early literacy in Chile draw on different theoretical traditions, which are reflected in curriculum orientations and pedagogical approaches for early childhood education.
Copyright (c) 2026 Camila Donato Pizarro, Zoraida Benavides Pereira, Vilma Moreno Ricard https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AI in creative brainstorming: between idea expansion and the risk of herding
The incorporation of generative artificial intelligence into creative ideation has reconfigured contemporary brainstorming practices, particularly in design, communication, innovation, and higher education. Although large language models can increase ideational fluency, accelerate the production of alternatives, and reduce initial cognitive barriers, recent literature highlights an ambivalent effect: the same ability to generate fast, plausible and formally coherent ideas may induce premature convergence, cognitive fixation and collective homogenization. This article presents a critical literature review on the relationship between artificial intelligence, divergent creativity and the risk of herding in brainstorming processes. Drawing on classical research on group creativity, idea generation, fixation, divergent thinking and creativity support systems, the review connects the contributions of Osborn, Guilford, Amabile, Paulus, Nijstad, Runco, Boden, Lubart and Shneiderman with recent studies on generative models, AI-assisted creativity and reduced semantic diversity. The review argues that AI should not be understood merely as a tool for creative expansion, but as a techno-cognitive agent that intervenes in attention, semantic exploration and ideational autonomy. An interpretive model is proposed around four tensions: expansion/convergence, assistance/dependence, diversity/homogenization and autonomy/herding. The article concludes that the academic and practical value of AI in brainstorming depends less on its capacity to produce ideas and more on the pedagogical, methodological and critical protocols governing its use.
Copyright (c) 2026 María Fernanda Soto Ayala https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Neuroscience of Reading and Artificial Intelligence: Comparison of Phonological and Whole-Word Methods in Students with Early Dyslexia
Early dyslexia is one of the most prevalent specific learning disorders affecting the acquisition of reading skills during the first years of schooling. From the perspective of reading neuroscience, phonological processing constitutes a fundamental mechanism for literacy development, while artificial intelligence has emerged as an innovative educational resource capable of personalizing learning through adaptive systems and immediate feedback. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the phonological and global methods for developing literacy skills in children with early dyslexia, considering the support of artificial intelligence-based educational resources. A mixed-methods approach with a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design and structured observation was employed. The sample consisted of 48 children aged 4 to 5 years identified as being at risk of dyslexia. The eight-week intervention integrated phonological activities supported by gamified digital resources and artificial intelligence-based educational tools to monitor reading performance and personalize learning activities. The findings revealed statistically significant improvements in attention, working memory, problem-solving skills, active participation, and academic motivation (p < .001), with large effect sizes. Qualitative evidence also demonstrated increased persistence, engagement, and participation in reading-related activities. It is concluded that integrating reading neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and phonological instructional strategies provides an effective framework for early intervention in children at risk of dyslexia by promoting more personalized, adaptive, and inclusive learning processes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Maritza Lucia Mena Castillo, Andrea Cristal Iza Maigua, Augusto Paolo Bernal Parraga, Jessica Alexandra Lalangui Sandoval https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Morphometric and molecular identification of Apis mellifera: a review of integrated approaches for population and evolutionary characterization
The identification of Apis mellifera is a fundamental tool for understanding the diversity, population structure, and evolutionary origin of managed and wild honey bees. This species exhibits broad intraspecific variability associated with geographic differentiation, environmental adaptation, anthropogenic movement, hybridization, and introgression among lineages and subspecies. In the Americas, the introduction of European bees and the subsequent expansion of bees with African ancestry gave rise to Africanized hybrid populations in several regions; however, this process is not uniform across the continent. In this context, the present review analyzes the usefulness, limitations, and complementarity of the main morphometric and molecular methods used for the characterization of lineages, subspecies, and hybrid populations of A. mellifera. The value of traditional morphometrics, geometric wing morphometrics, and molecular markers—especially mitochondrial DNA and the COI-COII region—is examined as tools for interpreting phenotypic variation, maternal origin, and population differentiation processes. The reviewed evidence indicates that wing morphometrics is an accessible, reproducible, and useful tool for discriminating population affinities, while mitochondrial DNA allows the identification of maternal lineages, although it does not by itself reflect biparental genetic composition. Therefore, the integration of morphometric and molecular approaches provides a more robust interpretation of population structure, especially in tropical, high-Andean, and insular regions. This review highlights the need to strengthen regional studies in Ecuador, Cuba, and other Latin American settings by incorporating nuclear markers, wing databases, and environmental metadata to support conservation programs, genetic selection, and sustainable beekeeping management.
Copyright (c) 2026 Leonardo Daniel Cabezas Andrade, Erika Belén Pilamunga Llagua, Hugo Alejandro Castro Alban, Jenevith Alexandra Cuadrado Andrade https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Ethanolic Propolis Extract versus Sulfonamides: Productive Performance and Intestinal Morphometry in Growing Rabbits
Introduction: Preventive antimicrobial use in rabbit farming requires natural alternatives that maintain productive performance without overstating their effects. Objective: To evaluate ethanolic propolis extract (EPE) compared with a control and sulfonamides on productivity, cecal pH, and intestinal morphometry in growing rabbits. Methods: Thirty New Zealand × California hybrid rabbits weaned at 35 days of age were used. After seven days of adaptation, they received for 31 days T0: 1 mL/day propylene glycol; T1: 37.5 mg/day EPE in propylene glycol; or T2: sulfonamides at 0.25 g/L in drinking water plus propylene glycol. A completely randomized design, ANOVA, and Tukey’s test at 5% were applied. Results: No differences were detected in final weight, daily gain, carcass traits, or cecal pH. Daily gain was 26.82, 29.59, and 26.30 g/day for T0, T1, and T2. T1 showed greater intestinal length and weight than T2 and higher duodenal villus length, villus width, and crypt depth (p < 0.0001). No changes were observed in the jejunum or ileocecal region. Conclusions: EPE showed a localized duodenal morphometric response without a statistically demonstrated productive improvement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jaime David Camacho Castillo, Ángel Patricio Flores Orozco, Enrique Marcelo Baño Leon, Teresita Lourdes Argüello Estrella https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial efficiency of banana companies in the Santa Rosa canton: analysis of financial statements 2023-2024
This study evaluated the financial efficiency of 23 banana companies located in the Santa Rosa canton during the 2023–2024 period through by analysis of their official financial statements. Using a quantitative, descriptive, and comparative approach, the indicators of Current Ratio, Asset Turnover, Asset Debt Ratio, Operating Margin, Return on Assets, and Return on Equity. The results show that, in both years, 52.17% of the companies experienced liquidity constraints and 60.87% maintained high levels of debt. However, profitability improved, as reflected by the decrease in companies classified with a “Very Poor” Operating Margin from 86.96% to 65.22%, and the nearly twofold increase in those with a “Very Good” ROE, rising from 26.09% to 47.83%. Pearson’s correlation analysis identified a strong positive correlation between Operating Margin and “ROA” (r = 0.80) in 2024. In contrast, a negative correlation was found between Debt Ratio and ROE (r = -0.50) in 2023, indicating the presence of negative financial leverage. Overall, the findings provide evidence to support decision-making, by emphasizing the need to optimize working capital management, control financial leverage, and strengthen operational efficiency to promote the financial sustainability of the banana sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Karen Lisseth Bustamante Bustamante, Brithany Jamileth Pérez Sozoranga, Jonathan Neptali Herrera Peña https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Gallstone ileus as a cause of total intestinal obstruction, case report and surgical management carried out step by step through open surgery
Introduction: Although gallstone ileus is a rare cause of mechanical intestinal obstruction, it represents a significant clinical challenge, especially in older patients who often have other relevant comorbidities. This condition develops when a gallstone passes through a bilioenteric fistula and becomes trapped in the ileum. Objective: To describe the case of an adult patient with intestinal obstruction secondary to gallstone ileus, treated in a second level hospital in Quito, Ecuador, a region with a high prevalence of gallstone disease. Case presentation: Female patient who presented with abdominal pain and distension, accompanied by signs of intestinal obstruction on CT. She was diagnosed with acute obstructive abdomen and, during surgery, the obstruction was found to be caused by an intraluminal gallstone located in the ileum. Conclusions: In many cases, this pathology is confirmed by radiological studies or during surgery. Surgical treatment, which may include enterolithotomy and cholecystectomy, is crucial to resolve the obstruction and treat bilioenteric fistula. However, even if cholecystectomy is performed in the initial procedure, recurrence of obstruction is not always prevented due to the possibility of undetected stones. The management strategy should be individualized according to the patient's characteristics, general health status, and associated surgical risk.
Copyright (c) 2026 José Vicente Fonseca Barragán, Steeven David Paredes Vinueza, Alison Nicole Vásquez Vélez, Hugo Francisco Rosales Aguilar, Víctor Ernesto Soliz Calle, Patricia Jordana Valdivieso Estupiñán, Carlos Steewarth Gudiño Justicia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Architectural Patterns in AI-Assisted Code Generation: A Systematic Review
Software architecture plays a fundamental role in the development of complex computing systems, as it defines high-level structural decisions that directly influence quality attributes such as maintainability, scalability, and reliability. In parallel, recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence, particularly in large language models, have driven its adoption across different phases of software engineering, primarily in automatic code generation. However, current approaches tend to focus on the implementation level, paying limited attention to architectural decisions and the explicit use of architectural patterns. This work presents a structured review of the state of the art regarding the application of generative artificial intelligence in software architecture, emphasizing the relationship between requirements, architectural decisions, and AI-assisted code generation. The methodology is based on a qualitative and comparative analysis of recent scientific literature, identifying approaches, benefits, and reported limitations. The results show that generative AI can support early architectural design, architecture-code alignment, and architectural analysis, although challenges persist, such as the lack of architectural datasets, limited interpretability, and the absence of systematic evaluation mechanisms. It is concluded that the explicit integration of architectural patterns as structured knowledge is key to improving the consistency and quality of software development assisted by artificial intelligence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jaime David Camacho Castillo, Christian Fernando Barragán Quizhpe, Alex Javier Canchignia Vasco, Enrique Marcelo Baño León, Santiago Enrique Paltan García https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Impacto de las estrategias de enseñanza basadas en inteligencia artificial y el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) en la inclusión de estudiantes de Educación General Básica
El presente artículo analiza el impacto de las estrategias de enseñanza basadas en inteligencia artificial y el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) en la inclusión de estudiantes de Educación General Básica. Se desarrolló una revisión bibliográfica con enfoque cualitativo, orientada por el método PRISMA 2020, a partir de la selección de 15 fuentes científicas e institucionales recientes. Los resultados evidencian que la articulación entre IA y DUA puede favorecer la personalización del aprendizaje, la accesibilidad curricular, la participación, la motivación y la autonomía estudiantil. Asimismo, se identificó que herramientas como plataformas adaptativas, lectores de texto, subtitulación automática, asistentes virtuales, analítica de aprendizaje y recursos multimodales pueden reducir barreras para estudiantes con diversas necesidades educativas. No obstante, el impacto inclusivo de estas estrategias depende de la formación docente, la equidad tecnológica, la protección de datos y una planificación pedagógica ética. Se concluye que la IA puede fortalecer la inclusión cuando se integra al DUA como apoyo pedagógico y no como sustituto de la mediación docente.
Copyright (c) 2026 Katterin Johanna Urban Muñoz, Victoria Rebeca Choez Pincay, Ginnina Lisbeth Tapia Sisalema, Carmen Del Rocío Contreras Rodríguez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial efficiency of shrimp companies in El Guabo canton: analysis of official financial statements, 2023-2024.
The shrimp sector constitutes a relevant activity for the Ecuadorian economy, although its export weight alone does not reveal the financial situation of the companies that comprise it. The objective of this research is to analyze the financial efficiency of shrimp companies in El Guabo canton during the 2023-2024 period, through the application of financial indicators to their official statements, in order to identify strengths and vulnerabilities in their economic and financial management. The research followed a quantitative approach, a non-experimental design, and a descriptive-correlational scope. A documentary review was applied to official financial statements reported to the Superintendency of Companies, Securities and Insurance. The final analysis included 55 companies and used indicators of current liquidity, asset indebtedness, asset turnover, operating margin, ROA, and ROE, as well as Pearson correlation and covariance. Higher concentrations were identified in low categories of liquidity, indebtedness, and asset turnover. In 2024, operating margin, ROA, and ROE shifted toward higher ranges, while ROA and ROE maintained the highest positive correlation. Financial efficiency showed heterogeneous behavior, with improvements in profitability and persistent vulnerabilities in liquidity, indebtedness, and asset use.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mishell Katheryn Vasquez Rodriguez, Jonathan Neptali Herrera Peña https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Financial Efficiency of Shrimp farming companies in the Arenillas canton during the periods 2023 and 2024.
In Ecuador, the shrimp farming sector is considered one of the most important pillars of the national economy due to its contribution to the gross domestic product, its capacity to generate foreign exchange, and employment opportunities. However, this sector faces several challenges, including the volatility of international prices and the increase in operational costs. The research was to analyze the financial efficiency of shrimp farming sector in the Arenillas canton, during 2023 and 2024 fiscal years. A quantitative descriptive approach in applied, analyzing 17 companies through financial indicators such as current liquidity, asset indebtedness, operating margin, asset turnover, return on assets, and return on equity. The results show liquidity problems increasing from 64, 71% in 2023 to 82,35% in 2024. It was also observed that most companies have debt levels exceeding 60%. A strong and positive correlation was identified between operating margin and ROA (r= 0.94) in both periods. On the other hand, a negative correlation was found between debt and ROE (r= -0.56) in 2024, indicating that the high level of debt jeopardizes business profitability The research demonstrates that there are difficulties in managing financial resources, affecting the viability of the sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Suly Maylen Luna Alburqueque, Angelica Maria Alvarez Castillo, Jonathan Neptali Herrera Peña https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
El Gallo de Catedral: interacción social e identidad excluyente en la cultura Metro de Quito
La entrada en funcionamiento del metro de Quito, el 21 de diciembre de 2022, trajo consigo la necesidad de un cambio en la forma cómo los habitantes de la capital interaccionan en un nuevo espacio público. Este trabajo se plantea estudiar, bajo un enfoque socio semiótico, la figura del Gallo de la Catedral utilizada por la Empresa Pública Metro de Quito para la difusión de campañas informativas y educativas digitales y físicas que posibiliten una adecuada integración entre este sistema tecnológico y el usuario, así como el fomento de un espíritu de convivencia urbana. La investigación se sustenta en una perspectiva metodológica de carácter cualitativo que recurre al Análisis del Discurso (AD) y al Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD). El Gallo de la Catedral visto bajo los conceptos de Saussure, Peirce y Barthes muestra una relación con los conceptos de tradición, seguridad y orden. Bajo la perspectiva crítica del discurso de Van Dijk aparecen las dimensiones de poder en los significados de educación y la disciplina. El Gallo de la Catedral funciona como signo compuesto que integra elementos visuales, simbólicos y narrativos para configurar la denominada cultura metro. La dimensión de la autoridad procura de instaurar comportamientos, orden y disciplina que excluye repertorios simbólicos diferentes al de la quiteñidad convencional.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hernán Patricio Pillajo Borja, Jenny Maribel Zavala Enríquez, Andrés Leandro Rodríguez Galán, Antoni Neptalí Vaca Cárdenas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Physicochemical typology of high Andean sediments by multivariate classification and statistical validation: evidence of mineralization gradients, alkalinity, organic accumulation and calcium signal
The study develops a physicochemical typology of high Andean sediments based on multivariate classification and statistical validation, identifying key gradients of mineralization, alkalinity, organic accumulation and calcium signal. Data were analyzed on variables such as total organic carbon (SOC), organic matter (OM), electrical conductivity (EC), pH and calcium (Ca) from four sedimentary groups (G1–G4). Principal component analysis (PCA) corroborated the multivariate differentiation between groups. The supervised LDA methods showed high accuracy in the discrimination of the samples, while the internal robustness was evaluated by bootstrap. The resulting typology classifies the sediments into four types: calcium with intermediate mineralization, organic-alkaline with low mineralization, weakly acidic organic-mineralized and mineralized with low organic accumulation. This robust statistical approach allows interpreting and validating the sedimentary structure in a coherent and reproducible way, providing clear evidence on the physicochemical gradients that characterize the high Andean sediments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nancy Elizabeth Chariguamán Maurisaca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hybrid optimization of urban transport networks through linear programming and genetic algorithms for the reduction of operating costs
Efficiency in transport networks is essential to reduce operating costs and improve service. This study presents a hybrid approach that combines linear programming and genetic algorithms to optimize transport networks with the aim of minimizing costs. A mathematical model was developed that integrates both techniques, applying it to a representative case of an urban network with multiple nodes and routes. Linear programming was used to obtain a feasible initial solution with basic costs, while the genetic algorithm refined this solution by exploring a wider space and adapting to the nonlinear complexity of the problem. The results showed a significant 12.5% reduction in operating costs compared to traditional methods. This hybrid approach combines the precision and speed of linear programming with the flexibility and adaptability of genetic algorithms, allowing complex and dynamic problems to be tackled. In addition, it contributes to improving the quality of service, adapting to changing conditions and offering a robust tool for urban transport planners and operators.
Development of an Intelligent System for the Early Detection of Chemically Hazardous Gaseous Compounds
In experimental chemical processes, as a result of the combination of certain substances, reactions occur that release volatile and harmful gases into the environment. These situations require an early warning and accident prevention system capable of quantifying parts per million (ppm) according to the level of danger, and through arranged signals and sensors, activating ventilation fans to clear the gas from the area while sending evacuation signals to personnel. For this purpose, an MQ8 sensor is required. When it detects a change in the electrical resistance of the material, it triggers an automatic signal that is received by the ESP32 controller. Through an integrated Wi-Fi module, the controller displays data and gas concentration variations on an IoT platform, from which the ventilation system of the area can be activated or deactivated as evacuation procedures begin according to the gas hazard level for the human body. In addition to being efficient, the system maintains constant monitoring in laboratory work and helps prevent unintentional fire hazards that may occur in certain situations. Furthermore, besides being beneficial, it is low-cost when implemented with current Arduino models.
Copyright (c) 2026 Karina Gabriela Salazar Llangari, Jhonn Ismael Hidalgo Chugchilán, David Vinicio Chicaiza Estrella https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Monitoring of Physicochemical Changes During Beer Fermentation Using an Intelligent IoT-Based System
This study analyzes the problem identified at the NEFER Craft Brewery in Riobamba city, where manual management of the cooling systems led to critical temperature variations of up to ±4°C during fermentation, thereby compromising product quality. Unlike basic automation approaches, the Industry 4.0 framework was adopted to enable data traceability, scalability, and remote monitoring, key elements for decision-making based on real-time metrics. The methodology incorporated a system based on a Wecon PLC and Pt100 sensors, whose robustness was validated through continuous operational testing during production cycles. The results demonstrate a high level of system validation, maintaining temperature stability within the required 3°C to 20°C range, with a maximum deviation of only ±0.2°C. This significantly reduced the impact of human error, which previously accounted for a 15% failure rate in valve control. Therefore, the transition to IIoT technologies not only ensures batch standardization but also provides producers with full real-time control of their plant operations, transforming manual processes into an intelligent, technical, and scalable system
Copyright (c) 2026 Dylan Marcelo Chacha Tene, Hector Gonzalo Palacios Leon, Karina Gabriela Salazar Llangari, Diego Ramiro Ñacato Estrella https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inclusión Educativa en Educación Media : Tecnología accesible para estudiantes con discapacidad sensorial
El presente artículo de revisión bibliográfica analiza el impacto de la migración en las trayectorias educativas de estudiantes ecuatorianos en Estados Unidos. A partir de una metodología basada en PRISMA 2020, se seleccionaron 25 documentos académicos e institucionales relacionados con migración ecuatoriana, estudiantes inmigrantes, aprendices de inglés, clima escolar, inclusión educativa y bienestar socioemocional. Los resultados evidencian que la migración incide de manera multidimensional en la experiencia escolar, afectando procesos de adaptación, aprendizaje del inglés, rendimiento académico, sentido de pertenencia, participación familiar y continuidad hacia la educación superior. Asimismo, se identificó que el idioma puede representar una barrera inicial, pero también una fortaleza cuando se reconoce el bilingüismo como recurso educativo. La revisión destaca que las condiciones migratorias familiares, el clima escolar y el apoyo institucional influyen significativamente en la permanencia y bienestar de los estudiantes. Se concluye que las escuelas deben promover prácticas inclusivas, apoyo lingüístico, acompañamiento socioemocional y orientación familiar para transformar la experiencia migratoria en una oportunidad educativa justa, integral, intercultural y esperanzadora para los estudiantes ecuatorianos.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erika Paola Moreno Villalva, Elizabeth Arriaga Ramos, Lucia Mayda Veintimilla Rizzo, Kelly Lissette Sánchez Centeno https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0